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Australian Citizenship

For many permanent residents, citizenship by conferral is the next long-term step after settling in Australia. Eligibility includes residence and other requirements that should be checked against current Home Affairs guidance.

What is the general residence requirement for citizenship by conferral?

For many adult applicants, Home Affairs currently requires 4 years living in Australia on a valid visa immediately before applying, including the last 12 months as a permanent resident or eligible New Zealand Special Category visa holder, subject to absence limits and possible exceptions.

What RightWay can help you understand

  • Whether you are applying through the correct citizenship pathway
  • General residence requirement and travel absences
  • Permanent residence or eligible SCV status
  • Citizenship test or interview considerations
  • Identity, character and supporting documents

Common pathways or topics

Citizenship by conferral

A common pathway for permanent residents and eligible New Zealand Special Category visa holders who meet the requirements.

Other citizenship pathways

Different rules can apply to children, people aged 60 or over, descent, adoption and evidence of citizenship matters.

General residence settings for many adult applicants

Home Affairs states that the general residence requirement includes living in Australia on a valid visa for 4 years immediately before applying, holding permanent residence or an eligible SCV for the last 12 months, and staying within specified absence limits, subject to exceptions.

Important: This page provides general information only. Visa criteria, policy settings and document requirements can change, and the correct pathway depends on individual circumstances.
Official information reviewed for this page
Content review date: 3 October 2026
Answers

Frequently asked questions

For many adult applicants, Home Affairs states 4 years on a valid visa immediately before applying, including the last 12 months as a permanent resident or eligible SCV holder, subject to absence limits and exceptions.

No. Requirements differ by age and circumstances.
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